Last Updated on October 21, 2024 by jt

Out of the box, Spring Boot is very easy to use with the H2 Database. Spring programmers typically prefer writing code against such lightweight in-memory database, rather than on an enterprise database server such as Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle.

In-memory databases come with several restrictions making them useful only in the development stages in local environments. While in-memory databases are great to develop against, data is not persisted to disk, thus is lost when the database is shut down.

As the development progresses, you would most probably require an RDBMS to develop and test your application before deploying it to use a production database server. I have written a series of posts on integrating Spring Boot for Oracle, MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL.

Spring makes switching between RDBM’s simple. When you’re using Spring Data JPA with an ORM technology such as Hibernate, the persistence layer is nicely well decoupled. Which allows you to run your code against multiple databases. The level of decoupling even allows you to easily switch between an RDBMS and a NoSQL database, such as MongoDB.

In this post, I will discuss Spring Boot configuration for Microsoft SQL Server.

SQL Server Configuration

For this post, I’m using SQL Server 2014 Express installed locally on my laptop. I used SQL Server 2014 Management Studio to connect to the database server using SQL Server Authentication.

Once you are logged in, create a springbootdb database from the Object Explorer window.

A common problem that trips up many Java developers trying to connect to SQL Server is this error:

com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The TCP/IP connection to the host localhost, port 1433 has failed. Error: “Connection refused: connect. Verify the connection properties, check that an instance of SQL Server is running on the host and accepting TCP/IP connections at the port, and that no firewall is blocking TCP connections to the port.”.

I too learned the hard way to resolve it with these steps.

1. 1. From the Start menu, open SQL Server 2014 Configuration Manager.
   2. Click Protocol for SQLEXPRESS under SQL Server Network Configuration on the left pane. On the right pane, right- click TCP/IP, and select Properties.
   3. On the TCP/IP Properties dialog box that appears, click the IP Addresses tab.
   4. Scroll down to locate the IPALL node. Remove any value, if present for TCP Dynamic Ports and specify 1433 for TCP Port.

1. Click OK.
2. Again right-click TCP/IP on the right pane, and select Enable.
3. On the SQL Server Services node, right-click SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS), and select Restart.

This sets up SQL Server to be reached from JDBC code.

SQL Server Dependencies

To connect with SQL Server from Java applications, Microsoft provides a Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server. However, till November 2016, Maven did not directly support the driver as it was not open sourced. By making it open source, Microsoft finally made the driver available on the Maven Central Repository. More information can be found here.

The Maven POM file of my Spring Boot application that brings in the database driver is this.

pom.xml

    4.0.0
    guru.springframework
    blogposts
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    jar
    Blog Posts
    Misc Blog Posts
    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        1.4.4.RELEASE
         
    
    
        UTF-8
        guru.springframework.blog.BlogPostsApplication
        1.8
    
    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
        
        
            com.microsoft.sqlserver
            sqljdbc4
            4.0
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
        
    
    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    

Spring Boot Properties

We need to override the H2 database properties being set by default in Spring Boot. The nice part is, Spring Boot sets default database properties only when you don’t. So, when we configure SQL Server for use, Spring Boot won’t setup the H2 database anymore.

The following data source configurations are required to configure SQL Server with Spring Boot.

application.properties

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;databaseName=springbootdb
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=Projects@123
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = create-drop

As we are using JPA, we need to configure Hibernate for SQL Server too. Line 7 tells Hibernate to recreate the database on startup. This is definitely not the behavior we want if this was actually a production database You can set this property to the following values: none, validate, update, create-drop.

For a production database, you probably want to use validate.

JPA Entity

In our example application, we will perform CRUD operations on a user. For that, we will write a simple JPA entity, User for our application. I have written a post to use Spring Data JPA in a Spring Boot Web application, and so won’t go into JPA here.

User.java

package guru.springframework.blog.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "user_tbl")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", Age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

JPA Repository

Spring Data JPA CRUD Repository is a feature of Spring Data JPA that I extensively use. Using it, you can just define an interface that extends CrudRepository to manage entities for most common operations, such as saving an entity, updating it, deleting it, or finding it by id. Spring Data JPA uses generics and reflection to generate the concrete implementation of the interface we define.

For our User domain class we can define a Spring Data JPA repository as follows.

UserRepository.java

package guru.springframework.blog.repositories;

import guru.springframework.blog.domain.User;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Integer> {
    User findByName(String name);
}

That’s all we need to setup in Spring Boot to use SQL Server.

Let’s write some test code for this setup.

UserRepositoryTest.java

package guru.springframework.blog.repositories;

import guru.springframework.blog.domain.User;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserRepositoryTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        User user1= new User("Alice", 23);
        User user2= new User("Bob", 38);
        //save user, verify has ID value after save
        assertNull(user1.getId());
        assertNull(user2.getId());//null before save
        this.userRepository.save(user1);
        this.userRepository.save(user2);
        assertNotNull(user1.getId());
        assertNotNull(user2.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void testFetchData(){
        /*Test data retrieval*/
        User userA = userRepository.findByName("Bob");
        assertNotNull(userA);
        assertEquals(38, userA.getAge());
        /*Get all products, list should only have two*/
        Iterable users = userRepository.findAll();
        int count = 0;
        for(User p : users){
            count++;
        }
        assertEquals(count, 2);
    }
}

For the test, I have used JUnit. To know more about JUnit, you can refer my series on JUnit Testing.

The result of the JUnit test is this.

Conclusion

As you can see, it is very easy to configure Spring Boot for SQL Server. As usual, Spring Boot will auto configure sensible defaults for you. And as needed, you can override the default Spring Boot properties for your specific application.